A Japanese stab binding is a traditional bookbinding method that has several distinct features: **Exposed Spine**: Unlike Western bookbinding methods that often conceal the spine, the spine in Japanese stab binding is left exposed. This allows for the decorative stitching to be a prominent feature. **Decorative Stitching**: The stitching used in Japanese stab bindings is often intricate and decorative. There are various patterns, such as the four-hole, hemp-leaf, tortoise-shell, and noble bindin